After Canada has struggled with a radioactive waste problem over for 20 years, the Canadiangovernment finally found out that its approach by far has been lack of social acceptance, andneeded a program such as public and stakeholder engagement (PSE) which involves the public indecision-making process. Therefore, the government made a special law, called Nuclear Fuel WasteAct (NFWA), to search for an appropriate nuclear waste management approach. NFWA laid outthree possible approaches which were already prepared in advance by a nuclear expert group, andrequired Nuclear Waste Management Organization (NWMO) to be established to report arecommendation as to which of the proposed approaches should be adopted. However, NFWAallowed NWMO to consider additional management approach if the other three were notacceptable enough. Thus, NWMO studied and created a fourth management approach after it hadundertaken an comparison of the benefits, risks and costs of each management approach: AdaptivePhased Management. This approach was intended to enable the implementers to accept anytechnological advancement or changes even in the middle of the implementation of the plan. The Canadian PSE case well shows that technological R&D are deeply connected with socialacceptance. Even though the developments and technological advancement are carried out by thescientists and experts, but it is important to collect the public opinion by involving them to thedecision-making process in order to achieve objective validity on the R&D programs. Moreover, inan effort to ensure the principles such as fairness, public health and safety, security, and adoptability, NWMO tried to make those abstract ideas more specific and help the publicunderstand the meaning of each concept more in detail. Also, they utilized a variety ofcommunication methods from face-to-face meeting to e-dialogue to encourage people toparticipate in the program as much as possible. Given the fact that Korea has been also having a hard time in dealing with spent nuclear fuelmanagement, all of these efforts that Canada has made with a PSE program would give goodlessons and implications to the Korean case. In conclusion, as a deliberative participation program,PSE could be a possible breakthrough approach for the Korean spent nuclear fuel management.